Linux常用网络命令

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Linux 常用网络命令

Linux 命令学习方法

Linux 命令都可以通过 Linux 提供的手册自己学习，一般来讲有三种方式查看命令的用法，如下：

就拿最常用的 ls 命令来举例子吧

第一种：

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ls --help

第二种：

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info ls

第三种：

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man ls

大家可以使用 命令 --help, info + 命令, man + 命令 三种方式来学习新的命令，大家也可以使用 The Linux man-pages project 来查找对应的命令。说到这里，让我们来学习下 Linux 的常用网路命令吧

Linux 常用网络命令

今天主要跟大家分享下 Linux 系统常用网络的命令:

  • ifconfig
  • ifup
  • ifdown
  • ip
  • route
  • ip route
  • ping
  • traceroute
  • netstat
  • nslookup
ifconfig

查看所有网卡信息

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ ifconfig -a
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.3.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255
        ether b4:b6:86:fc:12:07  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::6715:52aa:2c80:112f  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0xfd<compat,link,site,host>
        ether 0a:00:27:00:00:03  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth2: flags=64<RUNNING>  mtu 1500
        inet 169.254.202.32  netmask 255.255.0.0
        inet6 fe80::971b:12ac:b88c:961d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0xfd<compat,link,site,host>
        ether 7c:76:35:43:62:9f  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.22.96.1  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 172.22.111.255
        inet6 fe80::584c:ccd0:e077:634c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0xfd<compat,link,site,host>
        ether 00:15:5d:41:e6:ee  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 1500
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0xfe<compat,link,site,host>
        loop  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wifi0: flags=64<RUNNING>  mtu 1500
        inet 169.254.169.148  netmask 255.255.0.0
        ether 7c:76:35:43:62:9b  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wifi1: flags=64<RUNNING>  mtu 1500
        inet 169.254.112.16  netmask 255.255.0.0
        ether 7c:76:35:43:62:9c  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wifi2: flags=64<RUNNING>  mtu 1500
        inet 169.254.241.4  netmask 255.255.0.0
        ether 7e:76:35:43:62:9b  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

其余，参数大家可以通过手册自行学习，这里要大家注意下 MTU 这个关键参数，大家可以根据着篇 blog 进行学习。

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

ifup

激活网络接口eth0

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ ifup eth0

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

ifdown

禁用网络端口eth0

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ ifdown eth0

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

ip

查看机器所有网卡的 ip

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ ip a

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

route

查看 Linux 内核路由表

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ route

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

ip route

查看默认路由表（main）路由

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ ip route

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

ping

查看网络链路是否通

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ ping www.baidu.com
shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ ping localhost
shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ ping 127.0.0.1

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

traceroute

追踪网络数据包的路由途径，也可以顺道学习下 tracert 这个命令

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ traceroute www.baidu.com

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

netstat

Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast member‐
ships

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface      MTU    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0      1500        0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 BMRU
eth1      1500        0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 BMRU
eth3      1500        0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 BMRU
lo        1500        0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 LRU

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

nslookup

Nslookup is a program to query Internet domain name servers. Nslookup has two modes: interactive and non-interactive.
Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for information about various hosts and domains or to print a list
of hosts in a domain. Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information for a host or domain.

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shenjy@DESKTOP-MCQT724:~$ nslookup baidu.com
Server:         8.8.8.8
Address:        8.8.8.8#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   baidu.com
Address: 39.156.66.10

大家也可以参照这篇 Blog 学习这个命令。

以上就是一些常用的 Linux 网络命令了，但是还没有完，以后如果遇到一些新的命令，我还会继续往这里追加的, 也欢迎大家留言~